While the bulk of the revenues still came from sales through regular channels, the ability to focus more specifically on specific target groups as well as distributing comics not on a sale-or-return basis, but in limited runs according to sales predictions from the retailers themselves, over-printing and overhead costs could be drastically reduced. Hereafter, comics publishers started tailoring ever-increasing percentages of marketing and production solely for the sale in specialist stores. When Marvel tested the new comics specialty market with the title Dazzler in 1981, the comic sold over 400,000 copies, a very respectable figure and one that astounded the company. ĭuring the late 1970s–early 1980s major comic publishers like Marvel and DC Comics started to recognize the new movements and started publishing material that was intended for sale in specialist shops only. Denver, Colorado-based retailer Chuck Rozanski played a large role in the growth of the comics speculation market in 1977 when he acquired the high-value "Mile High Collection" - 16,000 comic books dating from 1937 to 1955 - and slowly began releasing select books into the marketplace. In the UK, the only distribution channels available were ordinary news stands and mail order publications like Exchange and Mart or through zines run by the early panelologists themselves. In the US a few specialist shops had opened their doors by the 1960s, but were still a small market. In the early 1960s, DC Comics began publishing the full addresses of the people writing in, which allowed comic fans to reach out to each other. The origins of comic book collecting as an organized hobby has its roots in early science fiction fandom and comic book letters pages. Claude Held had followed suit in Buffalo, New York, by 1946. A few collector-based retail establishments existed, most notably Pop Hollinger's retail and mail order shop for new and used comics in Concordia, Kansas, which was in full swing by 1940. In response to collectors' interest in preserving their collections, products designed for the protection and storage of comic books became available, including special bags boxes and acid-free "backing boards", designed to keep the comic book flat.īefore the late 1960s, virtually no specialized comic stores existed and the notion of comics as collectible art was in its infancy. GPA only tracks sales of slabbed books, and therefore is not an accurate indicator of overall comic sales. The increased popularity of online auctioning services like eBay or Heritage Auctions for buying and selling comic books has greatly increased the visibility of actual comic book sale prices, leading to improved price guide accuracy, particularly for online price guides such as and GPAnalysis. Popular online price guide and collection tracking services include, , and GPAnalysis. The Grand Comics Database is a popular online resource for comic book creator and character information. The growth of the Internet in the late 1990s saw development of online databases to track creator, character appearances, and storylines, as well as websites combining comic book price guides with personalized collection tracking to provide collection values in real-time. Another current monthly price guide is Comics Buyer's Guide. The longest running price guide is the annual Overstreet Price Guide, first published in 1970. The price guides assign values for comic books based on demand, availability, and the copy's condition. To assist both types of comic book collector, comic book price guides are available and provide estimates of comic book values as well as information on comic book creators and characters. While some people collect comic books for personal interest in the medium or characters, others prefer to collect for profit. As of 2010, numerous conventions and festivals are held around the world, with Comic-Con International, held annually in San Diego, being the largest and best-known convention in the United States. Other large non- manga publishers include Image Comics, IDW, Valiant Comics, and Dark Horse Comics.Īs comic books regained their popularity in the 1960s during the boom of the Silver Age, fans organized comic book conventions, where they could meet to discuss their favorite comics with each other and eventually with the creators themselves. Since the 1960s, two publishers have dominated the American comic book industry: Marvel Comics, publisher of such comics as Spider-Man, X-Men, and Fantastic Four, and DC Comics, which publishes titles such as Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman. The comic book came to light in the pop culture arena in the 1930s due to the popularity of superhero characters Superman, Batman, and Captain Marvel. Comics are collected for several possible reasons, including appreciation, nostalgia, financial profit, and completion of the collection.
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